Type Alias FillNullLimit

pub type FillNullLimit = Option<u32>;

Aliased Type

enum FillNullLimit {
    None,
    Some(u32),
}

Variants

None

No value.

Some(u32)

Some value of type T.

Implementations

impl<T> Option<T>

pub const fn is_some(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the option is a Some value.

Examples

let x: Option<u32> = Some(2);
assert_eq!(x.is_some(), true);

let x: Option<u32> = None;
assert_eq!(x.is_some(), false);

pub fn is_some_and(self, f: impl FnOnce(T) -> bool) -> bool

Returns true if the option is a Some and the value inside of it matches a predicate.

Examples

let x: Option<u32> = Some(2);
assert_eq!(x.is_some_and(|x| x > 1), true);

let x: Option<u32> = Some(0);
assert_eq!(x.is_some_and(|x| x > 1), false);

let x: Option<u32> = None;
assert_eq!(x.is_some_and(|x| x > 1), false);

pub const fn is_none(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the option is a None value.

Examples

let x: Option<u32> = Some(2);
assert_eq!(x.is_none(), false);

let x: Option<u32> = None;
assert_eq!(x.is_none(), true);

pub fn is_none_or(self, f: impl FnOnce(T) -> bool) -> bool

Returns true if the option is a None or the value inside of it matches a predicate.

Examples

let x: Option<u32> = Some(2);
assert_eq!(x.is_none_or(|x| x > 1), true);

let x: Option<u32> = Some(0);
assert_eq!(x.is_none_or(|x| x > 1), false);

let x: Option<u32> = None;
assert_eq!(x.is_none_or(|x| x > 1), true);

pub const fn as_ref(&self) -> Option<&T>

Converts from &Option<T> to Option<&T>.

Examples

Calculates the length of an Option<String> as an Option<usize> without moving the String. The map method takes the self argument by value, consuming the original, so this technique uses as_ref to first take an Option to a reference to the value inside the original.

let text: Option<String> = Some("Hello, world!".to_string());
// First, cast `Option<String>` to `Option<&String>` with `as_ref`,
// then consume *that* with `map`, leaving `text` on the stack.
let text_length: Option<usize> = text.as_ref().map(|s| s.len());
println!("still can print text: {text:?}");

pub const fn as_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T>

Converts from &mut Option<T> to Option<&mut T>.

Examples

let mut x = Some(2);
match x.as_mut() {
    Some(v) => *v = 42,
    None => {},
}
assert_eq!(x, Some(42));

pub const fn as_pin_ref(self: Pin<&Option<T>>) -> Option<Pin<&T>>

Converts from Pin<&Option<T>> to Option<Pin<&T>>.

pub const fn as_pin_mut(self: Pin<&mut Option<T>>) -> Option<Pin<&mut T>>

Converts from Pin<&mut Option<T>> to Option<Pin<&mut T>>.

pub const fn as_slice(&self) -> &[T]

Returns a slice of the contained value, if any. If this is None, an empty slice is returned. This can be useful to have a single type of iterator over an Option or slice.

Note: Should you have an Option<&T> and wish to get a slice of T, you can unpack it via opt.map_or(&[], std::slice::from_ref).

Examples

assert_eq!(
    [Some(1234).as_slice(), None.as_slice()],
    [&[1234][..], &[][..]],
);

The inverse of this function is (discounting borrowing) [_]::first:

for i in [Some(1234_u16), None] {
    assert_eq!(i.as_ref(), i.as_slice().first());
}

pub const fn as_mut_slice(&mut self) -> &mut [T]

Returns a mutable slice of the contained value, if any. If this is None, an empty slice is returned. This can be useful to have a single type of iterator over an Option or slice.

Note: Should you have an Option<&mut T> instead of a &mut Option<T>, which this method takes, you can obtain a mutable slice via opt.map_or(&mut [], std::slice::from_mut).

Examples

assert_eq!(
    [Some(1234).as_mut_slice(), None.as_mut_slice()],
    [&mut [1234][..], &mut [][..]],
);

The result is a mutable slice of zero or one items that points into our original Option:

let mut x = Some(1234);
x.as_mut_slice()[0] += 1;
assert_eq!(x, Some(1235));

The inverse of this method (discounting borrowing) is [_]::first_mut:

assert_eq!(Some(123).as_mut_slice().first_mut(), Some(&mut 123))

pub const fn expect(self, msg: &str) -> T

Returns the contained Some value, consuming the self value.

Panics

Panics if the value is a None with a custom panic message provided by msg.

Examples

let x = Some("value");
assert_eq!(x.expect("fruits are healthy"), "value");

let x: Option<&str> = None;
x.expect("fruits are healthy"); // panics with `fruits are healthy`

Recommended Message Style

We recommend that expect messages are used to describe the reason you expect the Option should be Some.

let item = slice.get(0)
    .expect("slice should not be empty");

Hint: If you’re having trouble remembering how to phrase expect error messages remember to focus on the word “should” as in “env variable should be set by blah” or “the given binary should be available and executable by the current user”.

For more detail on expect message styles and the reasoning behind our recommendation please refer to the section on “Common Message Styles” in the std::error module docs.

pub const fn unwrap(self) -> T

Returns the contained Some value, consuming the self value.

Because this function may panic, its use is generally discouraged. Panics are meant for unrecoverable errors, and may abort the entire program.

Instead, prefer to use pattern matching and handle the None case explicitly, or call unwrap_or, unwrap_or_else, or unwrap_or_default. In functions returning Option, you can use the ? (try) operator.

Panics

Panics if the self value equals None.

Examples

let x = Some("air");
assert_eq!(x.unwrap(), "air");

let x: Option<&str> = None;
assert_eq!(x.unwrap(), "air"); // fails

pub fn unwrap_or(self, default: T) -> T

Returns the contained Some value or a provided default.

Arguments passed to unwrap_or are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing the result of a function call, it is recommended to use unwrap_or_else, which is lazily evaluated.

Examples

assert_eq!(Some("car").unwrap_or("bike"), "car");
assert_eq!(None.unwrap_or("bike"), "bike");

pub fn unwrap_or_else<F>(self, f: F) -> T

where F: FnOnce() -> T,

Returns the contained Some value or computes it from a closure.

Examples

let k = 10;
assert_eq!(Some(4).unwrap_or_else(|| 2 * k), 4);
assert_eq!(None.unwrap_or_else(|| 2 * k), 20);

pub fn unwrap_or_default(self) -> T

where T: Default,

Returns the contained Some value or a default.

Consumes the self argument then, if Some, returns the contained value, otherwise if None, returns the default value for that type.

Examples

let x: Option<u32> = None;
let y: Option<u32> = Some(12);

assert_eq!(x.unwrap_or_default(), 0);
assert_eq!(y.unwrap_or_default(), 12);

pub const unsafe fn unwrap_unchecked(self) -> T

Returns the contained Some value, consuming the self value, without checking that the value is not None.

Safety

Calling this method on None is undefined behavior.

Examples

let x = Some("air");
assert_eq!(unsafe { x.unwrap_unchecked() }, "air");

let x: Option<&str> = None;
assert_eq!(unsafe { x.unwrap_unchecked() }, "air"); // Undefined behavior!

pub fn map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<U>

where F: FnOnce(T) -> U,

Maps an Option<T> to Option<U> by applying a function to a contained value (if Some) or returns None (if None).

Examples

Calculates the length of an Option<String> as an Option<usize>, consuming the original:

let maybe_some_string = Some(String::from("Hello, World!"));
// `Option::map` takes self *by value*, consuming `maybe_some_string`
let maybe_some_len = maybe_some_string.map(|s| s.len());
assert_eq!(maybe_some_len, Some(13));

let x: Option<&str> = None;
assert_eq!(x.map(|s| s.len()), None);

pub fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<T>

where F: FnOnce(&T),

Calls a function with a reference to the contained value if Some.

Returns the original option.

Examples

let list = vec![1, 2, 3];

// prints "got: 2"
let x = list
    .get(1)
    .inspect(|x| println!("got: {x}"))
    .expect("list should be long enough");

// prints nothing
list.get(5).inspect(|x| println!("got: {x}"));

pub fn map_or<U, F>(self, default: U, f: F) -> U

where F: FnOnce(T) -> U,

Returns the provided default result (if none), or applies a function to the contained value (if any).

Arguments passed to map_or are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing the result of a function call, it is recommended to use map_or_else, which is lazily evaluated.

Examples

let x = Some("foo");
assert_eq!(x.map_or(42, |v| v.len()), 3);

let x: Option<&str> = None;
assert_eq!(x.map_or(42, |v| v.len()), 42);

pub fn map_or_else<U, D, F>(self, default: D, f: F) -> U

where D: FnOnce() -> U, F: FnOnce(T) -> U,

Computes a default function result (if none), or applies a different function to the contained value (if any).

Basic examples

let k = 21;

let x = Some("foo");
assert_eq!(x.map_or_else(|| 2 * k, |v| v.len()), 3);

let x: Option<&str> = None;
assert_eq!(x.map_or_else(|| 2 * k, |v| v.len()), 42);

Handling a Result-based fallback

A somewhat common occurrence when dealing with optional values in combination with Result<T, E> is the case where one wants to invoke a fallible fallback if the option is not present. This example parses a command line argument (if present), or the contents of a file to an integer. However, unlike accessing the command line argument, reading the file is fallible, so it must be wrapped with Ok.

let v: u64 = std::env::args()
   .nth(1)
   .map_or_else(|| std::fs::read_to_string("/etc/someconfig.conf"), Ok)?
   .parse()?;

pub fn ok_or<E>(self, err: E) -> Result<T, E>

Transforms the Option<T> into a Result<T, E>, mapping Some(v) to Ok(v) and None to Err(err).

Arguments passed to ok_or are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing the result of a function call, it is recommended to use ok_or_else, which is lazily evaluated.

Examples

let x = Some("foo");
assert_eq!(x.ok_or(0), Ok("foo"));

let x: Option<&str> = None;
assert_eq!(x.ok_or(0), Err(0));

pub fn ok_or_else<E, F>(self, err: F) -> Result<T, E>

where F: FnOnce() -> E,

Transforms the Option<T> into a Result<T, E>, mapping Some(v) to Ok(v) and None to Err(err()).

Examples

let x = Some("foo");
assert_eq!(x.ok_or_else(|| 0), Ok("foo"));

let x: Option<&str> = None;
assert_eq!(x.ok_or_else(|| 0), Err(0));

pub fn as_deref(&self) -> Option<&<T as Deref>::Target>

where T: Deref,

Converts from Option<T> (or &Option<T>) to Option<&T::Target>.

Leaves the original Option in-place, creating a new one with a reference to the original one, additionally coercing the contents via Deref.

Examples

let x: Option<String> = Some("hey".to_owned());
assert_eq!(x.as_deref(), Some("hey"));

let x: Option<String> = None;
assert_eq!(x.as_deref(), None);

pub fn as_deref_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut <T as Deref>::Target>

where T: DerefMut,

Converts from Option<T> (or &mut Option<T>) to Option<&mut T::Target>.

Leaves the original Option in-place, creating a new one containing a mutable reference to the inner type’s Deref::Target type.

Examples

let mut x: Option<String> = Some("hey".to_owned());
assert_eq!(x.as_deref_mut().map(|x| {
    x.make_ascii_uppercase();
    x
}), Some("HEY".to_owned().as_mut_str()));

pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over the possibly contained value.

Examples

let x = Some(4);
assert_eq!(x.iter().next(), Some(&4));

let x: Option<u32> = None;
assert_eq!(x.iter().next(), None);

pub fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> IterMut<'_, T>

Returns a mutable iterator over the possibly contained value.

Examples

let mut x = Some(4);
match x.iter_mut().next() {
    Some(v) => *v = 42,
    None => {},
}
assert_eq!(x, Some(42));

let mut x: Option<u32> = None;
assert_eq!(x.iter_mut().next(), None);

pub fn and<U>(self, optb: Option<U>) -> Option<U>

Returns None if the option is None, otherwise returns optb.

Arguments passed to and are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing the result of a function call, it is recommended to use and_then, which is lazily evaluated.

Examples

let x = Some(2);
let y: Option<&str> = None;
assert_eq!(x.and(y), None);

let x: Option<u32> = None;
let y = Some("foo");
assert_eq!(x.and(y), None);

let x = Some(2);
let y = Some("foo");
assert_eq!(x.and(y), Some("foo"));

let x: Option<u32> = None;
let y: Option<&str> = None;
assert_eq!(x.and(y), None);

pub fn and_then<U, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<U>

where F: FnOnce(T) -> Option<U>,

Returns None if the option is None, otherwise calls f with the wrapped value and returns the result.

Some languages call this operation flatmap.

Examples

fn sq_then_to_string(x: u32) -> Option<String> {
    x.checked_mul(x).map(|sq| sq.to_string())
}

assert_eq!(Some(2).and_then(sq_then_to_string), Some(4.to_string()));
assert_eq!(Some(1_000_000).and_then(sq_then_to_string), None); // overflowed!
assert_eq!(None.and_then(sq_then_to_string), None);

Often used to chain fallible operations that may return None.

let arr_2d = [["A0", "A1"], ["B0", "B1"]];

let item_0_1 = arr_2d.get(0).and_then(|row| row.get(1));
assert_eq!(item_0_1, Some(&"A1"));

let item_2_0 = arr_2d.get(2).and_then(|row| row.get(0));
assert_eq!(item_2_0, None);

pub fn filter<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Option<T>

where P: FnOnce(&T) -> bool,

Returns None if the option is None, otherwise calls predicate with the wrapped value and returns:

• Some(t) if predicate returns true (where t is the wrapped value), and
• None if predicate returns false.

This function works similar to Iterator::filter(). You can imagine the Option<T> being an iterator over one or zero elements. filter() lets you decide which elements to keep.

Examples

fn is_even(n: &i32) -> bool {
    n % 2 == 0
}

assert_eq!(None.filter(is_even), None);
assert_eq!(Some(3).filter(is_even), None);
assert_eq!(Some(4).filter(is_even), Some(4));

pub fn or(self, optb: Option<T>) -> Option<T>

Returns the option if it contains a value, otherwise returns optb.

Arguments passed to or are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing the result of a function call, it is recommended to use or_else, which is lazily evaluated.

Examples

let x = Some(2);
let y = None;
assert_eq!(x.or(y), Some(2));

let x = None;
let y = Some(100);
assert_eq!(x.or(y), Some(100));

let x = Some(2);
let y = Some(100);
assert_eq!(x.or(y), Some(2));

let x: Option<u32> = None;
let y = None;
assert_eq!(x.or(y), None);

pub fn or_else<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<T>

where F: FnOnce() -> Option<T>,

Returns the option if it contains a value, otherwise calls f and returns the result.

Examples

fn nobody() -> Option<&'static str> { None }
fn vikings() -> Option<&'static str> { Some("vikings") }

assert_eq!(Some("barbarians").or_else(vikings), Some("barbarians"));
assert_eq!(None.or_else(vikings), Some("vikings"));
assert_eq!(None.or_else(nobody), None);

pub fn xor(self, optb: Option<T>) -> Option<T>

Returns Some if exactly one of self, optb is Some, otherwise returns None.

Examples

let x = Some(2);
let y: Option<u32> = None;
assert_eq!(x.xor(y), Some(2));

let x: Option<u32> = None;
let y = Some(2);
assert_eq!(x.xor(y), Some(2));

let x = Some(2);
let y = Some(2);
assert_eq!(x.xor(y), None);

let x: Option<u32> = None;
let y: Option<u32> = None;
assert_eq!(x.xor(y), None);

pub fn insert(&mut self, value: T) -> &mut T

Inserts value into the option, then returns a mutable reference to it.

If the option already contains a value, the old value is dropped.

See also Option::get_or_insert, which doesn’t update the value if the option already contains Some.

Example

let mut opt = None;
let val = opt.insert(1);
assert_eq!(*val, 1);
assert_eq!(opt.unwrap(), 1);
let val = opt.insert(2);
assert_eq!(*val, 2);
*val = 3;
assert_eq!(opt.unwrap(), 3);

pub fn get_or_insert(&mut self, value: T) -> &mut T

Inserts value into the option if it is None, then returns a mutable reference to the contained value.

See also Option::insert, which updates the value even if the option already contains Some.

Examples

let mut x = None;

{
    let y: &mut u32 = x.get_or_insert(5);
    assert_eq!(y, &5);

    *y = 7;
}

assert_eq!(x, Some(7));

pub fn get_or_insert_default(&mut self) -> &mut T

where T: Default,

Inserts the default value into the option if it is None, then returns a mutable reference to the contained value.

Examples

let mut x = None;

{
    let y: &mut u32 = x.get_or_insert_default();
    assert_eq!(y, &0);

    *y = 7;
}

assert_eq!(x, Some(7));

pub fn get_or_insert_with<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> &mut T

where F: FnOnce() -> T,

Inserts a value computed from f into the option if it is None, then returns a mutable reference to the contained value.

Examples

let mut x = None;

{
    let y: &mut u32 = x.get_or_insert_with(|| 5);
    assert_eq!(y, &5);

    *y = 7;
}

assert_eq!(x, Some(7));

pub const fn take(&mut self) -> Option<T>

Takes the value out of the option, leaving a None in its place.

Examples

let mut x = Some(2);
let y = x.take();
assert_eq!(x, None);
assert_eq!(y, Some(2));

let mut x: Option<u32> = None;
let y = x.take();
assert_eq!(x, None);
assert_eq!(y, None);

pub fn take_if<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<T>

where P: FnOnce(&mut T) -> bool,

Takes the value out of the option, but only if the predicate evaluates to true on a mutable reference to the value.

In other words, replaces self with None if the predicate returns true. This method operates similar to Option::take but conditional.

Examples

let mut x = Some(42);

let prev = x.take_if(|v| if *v == 42 {
    *v += 1;
    false
} else {
    false
});
assert_eq!(x, Some(43));
assert_eq!(prev, None);

let prev = x.take_if(|v| *v == 43);
assert_eq!(x, None);
assert_eq!(prev, Some(43));

pub const fn replace(&mut self, value: T) -> Option<T>

Replaces the actual value in the option by the value given in parameter, returning the old value if present, leaving a Some in its place without deinitializing either one.

Examples

let mut x = Some(2);
let old = x.replace(5);
assert_eq!(x, Some(5));
assert_eq!(old, Some(2));

let mut x = None;
let old = x.replace(3);
assert_eq!(x, Some(3));
assert_eq!(old, None);

pub fn zip<U>(self, other: Option<U>) -> Option<(T, U)>

Zips self with another Option.

If self is Some(s) and other is Some(o), this method returns Some((s, o)). Otherwise, None is returned.

Examples

let x = Some(1);
let y = Some("hi");
let z = None::<u8>;

assert_eq!(x.zip(y), Some((1, "hi")));
assert_eq!(x.zip(z), None);

pub fn zip_with<U, F, R>(self, other: Option<U>, f: F) -> Option<R>

where F: FnOnce(T, U) -> R,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (option_zip)

Zips self and another Option with function f.

If self is Some(s) and other is Some(o), this method returns Some(f(s, o)). Otherwise, None is returned.

Examples

#![feature(option_zip)]

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
struct Point {
    x: f64,
    y: f64,
}

impl Point {
    fn new(x: f64, y: f64) -> Self {
        Self { x, y }
    }
}

let x = Some(17.5);
let y = Some(42.7);

assert_eq!(x.zip_with(y, Point::new), Some(Point { x: 17.5, y: 42.7 }));
assert_eq!(x.zip_with(None, Point::new), None);

Trait Implementations

impl<T> ApproxEq for Option<T>

where T: Copy + ApproxEq,

type Margin = <T as ApproxEq>::Margin

This type type defines a margin within which two values are to be considered approximately equal. It must implement Default so that approx_eq() can be called on unknown types.

fn approx_eq<M>(self, other: Option<T>, margin: M) -> bool

where M: Into<<Option<T> as ApproxEq>::Margin>,

This method tests that the self and other values are equal within margin of each other.

fn approx_ne<M>(self, other: Self, margin: M) -> bool

where M: Into<Self::Margin>,

This method tests that the self and other values are not within margin of each other.

impl<T> AsULE for Option<T>

where T: AsULE,

type ULE = OptionULE<<T as AsULE>::ULE>

The ULE type corresponding to Self.

fn to_unaligned(self) -> OptionULE<<T as AsULE>::ULE>

Converts from Self to Self::ULE.

fn from_unaligned(other: OptionULE<<T as AsULE>::ULE>) -> Option<T>

Converts from Self::ULE to Self.

impl<T> Clone for Option<T>

where T: Clone,

fn clone(&self) -> Option<T>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Option<T>)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<T> Debug for Option<T>

where T: Debug,

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Default for Option<T>

fn default() -> Option<T>

Returns None.

Examples

let opt: Option<u32> = Option::default();
assert!(opt.is_none());

impl<'de, T> Deserialize<'de> for Option<T>

where T: Deserialize<'de>,

fn deserialize<D>( deserializer: D, ) -> Result<Option<T>, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>

where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl<T> DirtyHash for Option<T>

where T: DirtyHash,

fn dirty_hash(&self) -> u64

impl<T, U> EncodeAsVarULE<OptionVarULE<U>> for Option<T>

where T: EncodeAsVarULE<U>, U: VarULE + ?Sized,

fn encode_var_ule_as_slices<R>(&self, _: impl FnOnce(&[&[u8]]) -> R) -> R

Calls cb with a piecewise list of byte slices that when concatenated produce the memory pattern of the corresponding instance of T.

fn encode_var_ule_len(&self) -> usize

Return the length, in bytes, of the corresponding [VarULE] type

fn encode_var_ule_write(&self, dst: &mut [u8])

Write the corresponding [VarULE] type to the dst buffer. dst should be the size of [Self::encode_var_ule_len()]

impl<T> From<CtOption<T>> for Option<T>

fn from(source: CtOption<T>) -> Option<T>

Convert the CtOption<T> wrapper into an Option<T>, depending on whether the underlying is_some Choice was a 0 or a 1 once unwrapped.

Note

This function exists to avoid ending up with ugly, verbose and/or bad handled conversions from the CtOption<T> wraps to an Option<T> or Result<T, E>. This implementation doesn’t intend to be constant-time nor try to protect the leakage of the T since the Option<T> will do it anyways.

impl<T> From<T> for Option<T>

fn from(val: T) -> Option<T>

Moves val into a new Some.

Examples

let o: Option<u8> = Option::from(67);

assert_eq!(Some(67), o);

impl<A, V> FromIterator<Option<A>> for Option<V>

where V: FromIterator<A>,

fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> Option<V>

where I: IntoIterator<Item = Option<A>>,

Takes each element in the Iterator: if it is None, no further elements are taken, and the None is returned. Should no None occur, a container of type V containing the values of each Option is returned.

Examples

Here is an example which increments every integer in a vector. We use the checked variant of add that returns None when the calculation would result in an overflow.

let items = vec![0_u16, 1, 2];

let res: Option<Vec<u16>> = items
    .iter()
    .map(|x| x.checked_add(1))
    .collect();

assert_eq!(res, Some(vec![1, 2, 3]));

As you can see, this will return the expected, valid items.

Here is another example that tries to subtract one from another list of integers, this time checking for underflow:

let items = vec![2_u16, 1, 0];

let res: Option<Vec<u16>> = items
    .iter()
    .map(|x| x.checked_sub(1))
    .collect();

assert_eq!(res, None);

Since the last element is zero, it would underflow. Thus, the resulting value is None.

Here is a variation on the previous example, showing that no further elements are taken from iter after the first None.

let items = vec![3_u16, 2, 1, 10];

let mut shared = 0;

let res: Option<Vec<u16>> = items
    .iter()
    .map(|x| { shared += x; x.checked_sub(2) })
    .collect();

assert_eq!(res, None);
assert_eq!(shared, 6);

Since the third element caused an underflow, no further elements were taken, so the final value of shared is 6 (= 3 + 2 + 1), not 16.

impl<C, T> FromParallelIterator<Option<T>> for Option<C>

where C: FromParallelIterator<T>, T: Send,

Collect an arbitrary Option-wrapped collection.

If any item is None, then all previous items collected are discarded, and it returns only None.

fn from_par_iter<I>(par_iter: I) -> Option<C>

where I: IntoParallelIterator<Item = Option<T>>,

Creates an instance of the collection from the parallel iterator par_iter.

impl<T> FromResidual<Option<Infallible>> for Option<T>

fn from_residual(residual: Option<Infallible>) -> Option<T>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_trait_v2)

Constructs the type from a compatible Residual type.

impl<T> FromResidual<Yeet<()>> for Option<T>

fn from_residual(_: Yeet<()>) -> Option<T>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_trait_v2)

Constructs the type from a compatible Residual type.

impl<T> Hash for Option<T>

where T: Hash,

fn hash<__H>(&self, state: &mut __H)

where __H: Hasher,

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)

where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

impl<T> IntoIterator for Option<T>

fn into_iter(self) -> IntoIter<T>

Returns a consuming iterator over the possibly contained value.

Examples

let x = Some("string");
let v: Vec<&str> = x.into_iter().collect();
assert_eq!(v, ["string"]);

let x = None;
let v: Vec<&str> = x.into_iter().collect();
assert!(v.is_empty());

type Item = T

The type of the elements being iterated over.

type IntoIter = IntoIter<T>

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?

impl<T> IntoParallelIterator for Option<T>

where T: Send,

type Item = T

The type of item that the parallel iterator will produce.

type Iter = IntoIter<T>

The parallel iterator type that will be created.

fn into_par_iter(self) -> <Option<T> as IntoParallelIterator>::Iter

Converts self into a parallel iterator.

impl<T> IsFloat for Option<T>

where T: IsFloat,

fn is_float() -> bool

fn is_f32() -> bool

fn is_f64() -> bool

fn nan_value() -> Self

fn is_nan(&self) -> bool

where Self: Sized,

fn is_finite(&self) -> bool

where Self: Sized,

impl<T> IsNull for Option<T>

const HAS_NULLS: bool = true

type Inner = T

fn is_null(&self) -> bool

fn unwrap_inner(self) -> <Option<T> as IsNull>::Inner

impl<T> OptionExt<T> for Option<T>

fn context<C, E>(self, context: C) -> Result<T, E>

where C: IntoError<E, Source = NoneError>, E: Error + ErrorCompat,

Convert an Option into a Result with additional context-sensitive information.

fn with_context<F, C, E>(self, context: F) -> Result<T, E>

where F: FnOnce() -> C, C: IntoError<E, Source = NoneError>, E: Error + ErrorCompat,

Convert an Option into a Result with lazily-generated context-sensitive information.

fn whatever_context<S, E>(self, context: S) -> Result<T, E>

where S: Into<String>, E: FromString,

Available on crate feature std only.

Convert an Option into a Result with information from a string.

fn with_whatever_context<F, S, E>(self, context: F) -> Result<T, E>

where F: FnOnce() -> S, S: Into<String>, E: FromString,

Available on crate feature std only.

Convert an Option into a Result with information from a lazily-generated string.

impl<T> Ord for Option<T>

where T: Ord,

fn cmp(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other.

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

impl<T> PartialEq for Option<T>

where T: PartialEq,

fn eq(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> bool

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<T> PartialOrd for Option<T>

where T: PartialOrd,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<T, U> Product<Option<U>> for Option<T>

where T: Product<U>,

fn product<I>(iter: I) -> Option<T>

where I: Iterator<Item = Option<U>>,

Takes each element in the Iterator: if it is a None, no further elements are taken, and the None is returned. Should no None occur, the product of all elements is returned.

Examples

This multiplies each number in a vector of strings, if a string could not be parsed the operation returns None:

let nums = vec!["5", "10", "1", "2"];
let total: Option<usize> = nums.iter().map(|w| w.parse::<usize>().ok()).product();
assert_eq!(total, Some(100));
let nums = vec!["5", "10", "one", "2"];
let total: Option<usize> = nums.iter().map(|w| w.parse::<usize>().ok()).product();
assert_eq!(total, None);

impl<T> Serialize for Option<T>

where T: Serialize,

fn serialize<S>( &self, serializer: S, ) -> Result<<S as Serializer>::Ok, <S as Serializer>::Error>

where S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl<T, U> Sum<Option<U>> for Option<T>

where T: Sum<U>,

fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> Option<T>

where I: Iterator<Item = Option<U>>,

Takes each element in the Iterator: if it is a None, no further elements are taken, and the None is returned. Should no None occur, the sum of all elements is returned.

Examples

This sums up the position of the character ‘a’ in a vector of strings, if a word did not have the character ‘a’ the operation returns None:

let words = vec!["have", "a", "great", "day"];
let total: Option<usize> = words.iter().map(|w| w.find('a')).sum();
assert_eq!(total, Some(5));
let words = vec!["have", "a", "good", "day"];
let total: Option<usize> = words.iter().map(|w| w.find('a')).sum();
assert_eq!(total, None);

impl<T> ToTotalOrd for Option<T>

where T: Copy + TotalEq + TotalHash,

This is safe without needing to map the option value to TotalOrdWrap, since for example: TotalOrdWrap<Option<T>> implements Eq + Hash, iff: Option<T> implements TotalEq + TotalHash, iff: T implements TotalEq + TotalHash

type TotalOrdItem = TotalOrdWrap<Option<T>>

type SourceItem = Option<T>

fn to_total_ord(&self) -> <Option<T> as ToTotalOrd>::TotalOrdItem

fn peel_total_ord( ord_item: <Option<T> as ToTotalOrd>::TotalOrdItem, ) -> <Option<T> as ToTotalOrd>::SourceItem

impl<T> TotalEq for Option<T>

where T: TotalEq,

fn tot_eq(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> bool

fn tot_ne(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> bool

impl<T> TotalHash for Option<T>

where T: TotalHash,

fn tot_hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)

where H: Hasher,

fn tot_hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)

where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

impl<T> TotalOrd for Option<T>

where T: TotalOrd,

fn tot_cmp(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> Ordering

fn tot_lt(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> bool

fn tot_gt(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> bool

fn tot_le(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> bool

fn tot_ge(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> bool

impl<T> Try for Option<T>

type Output = T

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_trait_v2)

The type of the value produced by ? when not short-circuiting.

type Residual = Option<Infallible>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_trait_v2)

The type of the value passed to FromResidual::from_residual as part of ? when short-circuiting.

fn from_output(output: <Option<T> as Try>::Output) -> Option<T>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_trait_v2)

Constructs the type from its Output type.

fn branch( self, ) -> ControlFlow<<Option<T> as Try>::Residual, <Option<T> as Try>::Output>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_trait_v2)

Used in ? to decide whether the operator should produce a value (because this returned ControlFlow::Continue) or propagate a value back to the caller (because this returned ControlFlow::Break).

impl<V> TypedValue for Option<V>

where V: TypedValue,

fn value_type(&self) -> ValueType

Gets the type of the current value

impl<T> Value for Option<T>

where T: Value,

fn record(&self, key: &Field, visitor: &mut dyn Visit)

Visits this value with the given Visitor.

impl<V> ValueAsArray for Option<V>

where V: ValueAsArray,

type Array = <V as ValueAsArray>::Array

The array structure

fn as_array(&self) -> Option<&<Option<V> as ValueAsArray>::Array>

Tries to represent the value as an array and returns a reference to it

impl<V> ValueAsObject for Option<V>

where V: ValueAsObject,

type Object = <V as ValueAsObject>::Object

The object structure

fn as_object(&self) -> Option<&<Option<V> as ValueAsObject>::Object>

Tries to represent the value as an object and returns a reference to it

impl<V> ValueAsScalar for Option<V>

where V: ValueAsScalar,

fn as_null(&self) -> Option<()>

Tries to represent the value as a ‘null’;

fn as_bool(&self) -> Option<bool>

Tries to represent the value as a bool

fn as_i64(&self) -> Option<i64>

Tries to represent the value as an i64

fn as_u64(&self) -> Option<u64>

Tries to represent the value as an u64

fn as_f64(&self) -> Option<f64>

Tries to represent the value as a f64

fn as_str(&self) -> Option<&str>

Tries to represent the value as a &str

fn as_i128(&self) -> Option<i128>

Tries to represent the value as an i128

fn as_i32(&self) -> Option<i32>

Tries to represent the value as an i32

fn as_i16(&self) -> Option<i16>

Tries to represent the value as an i16

fn as_i8(&self) -> Option<i8>

Tries to represent the value as an i8

fn as_u128(&self) -> Option<u128>

Tries to represent the value as an u128

fn as_usize(&self) -> Option<usize>

Tries to represent the value as an usize

fn as_u32(&self) -> Option<u32>

Tries to represent the value as an u32

fn as_u16(&self) -> Option<u16>

Tries to represent the value as an u16

fn as_u8(&self) -> Option<u8>

Tries to represent the value as an u8

fn as_f32(&self) -> Option<f32>

Tries to represent the value as a f32

fn cast_f64(&self) -> Option<f64>

Casts the current value to a f64 if possible, this will turn integer values into floats.

fn as_char(&self) -> Option<char>

Tries to represent the value as a Char

impl<V> ValueIntoArray for Option<V>

where V: ValueIntoArray,

type Array = <V as ValueIntoArray>::Array

The type for Arrays

fn into_array(self) -> Option<<Option<V> as ValueIntoArray>::Array>

Tries to turn the value into it’s array representation

impl<V> ValueIntoObject for Option<V>

where V: ValueIntoObject,

type Object = <V as ValueIntoObject>::Object

The type for Objects

fn into_object(self) -> Option<<Option<V> as ValueIntoObject>::Object>

Tries to turn the value into it’s object representation

impl<V> ValueIntoString for Option<V>

where V: ValueIntoString,

type String = <V as ValueIntoString>::String

The type for Strings

fn into_string(self) -> Option<<Option<V> as ValueIntoString>::String>

Tries to turn the value into it’s string representation

impl<'a, T> Yokeable<'a> for Option<T>

where T: 'static + for<'b> Yokeable<'b>,

type Output = Option<<T as Yokeable<'a>>::Output>

This type MUST be Self with the 'static replaced with 'a, i.e. Self<'a>

fn transform(&'a self) -> &'a <Option<T> as Yokeable<'a>>::Output

This method must cast self between &'a Self<'static> and &'a Self<'a>.

fn transform_owned(self) -> <Option<T> as Yokeable<'a>>::Output

This method must cast self between Self<'static> and Self<'a>.

unsafe fn make(from: <Option<T> as Yokeable<'a>>::Output) -> Option<T>

This method can be used to cast away Self<'a>’s lifetime.

fn transform_mut<F>(&'a mut self, f: F)

where F: 'static + for<'b> FnOnce(&'b mut <Option<T> as Yokeable<'a>>::Output),

This method must cast self between &'a mut Self<'static> and &'a mut Self<'a>, and pass it to f.

impl<'zf, C, T> ZeroFrom<'zf, Option<C>> for Option<T>

where T: ZeroFrom<'zf, C>,

fn zero_from(other: &'zf Option<C>) -> Option<T>

Clone the other C into a struct that may retain references into C.

impl<'a, T> ZeroMapKV<'a> for Option<T>

where Option<T>: AsULE + 'static,

type Container = ZeroVec<'a, Option<T>>

The container that can be used with this type: [ZeroVec] or [VarZeroVec].

type Slice = ZeroSlice<Option<T>>

type GetType = <Option<T> as AsULE>::ULE

The type produced by Container::get()

type OwnedType = Option<T>

The type produced by Container::replace() and Container::remove(), also used during deserialization. If Self is human readable serialized, deserializing to Self::OwnedType should produce the same value once passed through Self::owned_as_self()

impl<T> Zeroable for Option<T>

where T: ZeroableInOption,

fn zeroed() -> Self

Calls zeroed.

impl<Z> Zeroize for Option<Z>

where Z: Zeroize,

fn zeroize(&mut self)

Zero out this object from memory using Rust intrinsics which ensure the zeroization operation is not “optimized away” by the compiler.

impl<T> CloneableCart for Option<T>

where T: CloneableCart,

impl<T> Copy for Option<T>

where T: Copy,

impl<T> Eq for Option<T>

where T: Eq,

impl<T> LifetimeFree for Option<T>

where T: LifetimeFree,

impl<T> Pod for Option<T>

where T: PodInOption,

impl<T> StructuralPartialEq for Option<T>

impl<P, T> WriteAsOptional<P> for Option<T>

where P: Primitive, T: WriteAsOptional<P>,

impl<T1, T2> WriteAsOptionalUnion<T1> for Option<T2>

where T2: WriteAsOptionalUnion<T1>,

impl<Z> ZeroizeOnDrop for Option<Z>

where Z: ZeroizeOnDrop,